Unit 1: Observing the Universe

Students begin by exploring the immense scale of the universe and the methods scientists use to study objects far beyond Earth. They learn how astronomical distances are measured, investigate the electromagnetic spectrum, compare different types of telescopes and observatories, and discover how spectroscopy allows astronomers to determine the composition, temperature, and motion of distant celestial objects.

Topics

  • The Scale of the Universe
  • Measuring Distance in Space
  • The Electromagnetic Spectrum
  • Telescopes and Observatories
  • Spectroscopy

Unit 2: Stars

Students investigate the properties, life cycles, and energy sources of stars. They examine how stars are classified using the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, explore how nuclear fusion powers stellar interiors, and compare the evolution of low-mass and high-mass stars. The unit concludes with an investigation of stellar remnants, including white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes.

Topics

  • Properties of Stars
  • The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
  • Stellar Evolution
  • Nuclear Fusion in Stars
  • Stellar Remnants

Unit 3: Galaxies and Cosmology

Students broaden their perspective from individual stars to the universe as a whole. They explore the structure and classification of galaxies, examine the evidence supporting the expanding universe and the Big Bang Theory, investigate the mysteries of dark matter and dark energy, and consider possible models for the future evolution of the cosmos.

Topics

  • Galaxies
  • Expanding Universe
  • The Big Bang Theory
  • Dark Matter and Dark Energy
  • The Fate of the Universe

Unit 4: Gravity and Orbital Motion

Students apply the principles of mechanics and gravitation to celestial motion. They investigate Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion, the behaviour of natural and artificial satellites, and the concept of escape velocity. The unit concludes by examining the technologies and scientific achievements that have enabled humanity to explore space.

Topics

  • Universal Gravitation
  • Planetary Motion
  • Satellites
  • Escape Velocity
  • Space Exploration

Unit 5: Exoplanets and the Future of Astronomy

Students conclude the course by exploring some of the most exciting frontiers in modern astrophysics. They investigate methods used to discover exoplanets, examine the search for habitable worlds beyond our Solar System, study the properties of black holes, explore the emerging field of multi-messenger astronomy, and consider how future technologies and international collaborations will continue to transform our understanding of the universe.

Topics

  • Exoplanets
  • Habitable Worlds
  • Black Holes
  • Multi-Messenger Astronomy
  • The Future of Astrophysics
Last modified: Friday, 24 July 2026, 9:41 AM