Chem Vocab

The group of elements found in Group 2 of the periodic table. These metals are less reactive than alkali metals but still readily form +2 cations by losing two electrons. They exhibit similar properties such as high melting points and low densities.

The shiny group of elements in Group 1 of the periodic table. These metals are highly reactive and tend to form +1 cations by losing their single outer electron. They are known for their softness and low melting points.

A negatively charged ion that forms when an atom gains one or more electrons. These ions have more electrons than protons, resulting in a net negative charge. They are attracted to cations in ionic compounds, forming stable structures through electrostatic interactions.

The building blocks of matter, atoms are quite the tiny marvels. They consist of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, orbited by electrons.

A unit of mass used to express atomic and molecular weights. It is defined as one-twelfth of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12.

The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. This number uniquely identifies an element and determines its chemical properties. Elements are arranged in the periodic table based on this.

A positively charged ion that forms when an atom loses one or more electrons. These ions have more protons than electrons, resulting in a net positive charge. They are attracted to anions in ionic compounds, creating stable structures through electrostatic interactions.

A type of chemical bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons. This sharing of electrons allows both atoms to achieve a more stable electron configuration. They are prevalent in molecules and can be polar or nonpolar depending on the electronegativity of the atoms involved.

The negatively charged particles that zip around the nucleus of an atom. They play a crucial role in chemical reactions and electricity.

The energy levels where electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom. They are designated by numbers (e.g., 1, 2, 3) and can hold a specific number of electrons.