Thermal Glossary

the amount of matter contained within an object. It's like the hidden weight that gives substance its presence and gravitational pull.

It represents a specific number of entities, just like a dozen represents 12 objects, but on a much grander scale.

equal to the Avogadro constant, which is approximately 6.022 x 10²³ particles.

gas particles that consist of single atoms, standing alone in their elemental glory. These gases are composed of noble gases such as helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn), which prefer the solitary life of individual atoms.