Variation

A type of cell division that produces gametes (sperm or egg cells) with half the normal number of chromosomes.

A very small living organism that can only be seen with a microscope, such as bacteria or yeast.

Laboratory-produced antibodies designed to recognise and attach to specific molecules, often used in disease treatment and diagnosis.

A characteristic that is influenced by both genes and environmental factors.
Example: human height.

A situation where more than two alleles exist for a gene in a population, even though each individual still inherits only two.

Example: the ABO blood group system.

A change in the sequence of bases in DNA. Mutations can create new versions of genes and introduce new genetic variation.

A protein-rich food made from fungi, produced through fermentation and used as a meat substitute.