Variation

A type of inheritance where neither allele is fully dominant, so the heterozygous individual shows an intermediate or blended phenotype.

Example: red flowers × white flowers → pink flowers.

The random separation of pairs of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, which creates different combinations of chromosomes in gametes.

The passing of genetic information (genes) from parents to their offspring.

A trait that is passed from parents to offspring through genes.

A disease caused by genetic mutations that are passed from parents to offspring.

Examples:

• cystic fibrosis

• sickle cell anaemia

Traits that are passed from parents to offspring through genes in DNA.

A hormone that controls blood sugar levels and can be produced by genetically modified bacteria for medical treatment.